What are the principle arguments advanced by the Non-Human Rights Project (NHRP) for recognition of animal personhood? 

[1] A Staker (2017) ‘Should Chimpanzees Have Standing? The Case for Pursuing Legal Personhood for Non-Human Animals,’ Transnational Environmental Law, Vol. 6, Issue 2, 485-508.

[2] S Wise (2014) ‘The Nonhuman Rights Project’ <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pMQO_bU9Jv8> accessed 07 April 2021.

[3] P Waldau Animal Rights: What everyone needs to know (OUP 2011). 

[4] (1972) Towards Legal Rights for Natural Objects, SCLR, 450-501.

[5] EA Roy (2017) ‘New Zealand river granted same legal rights as human being,’ <https://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/asia-pacific/new-zealand-river-granted-same-legal-rights-as-human-being-1.3013060> accessed 29 March 2021.

[6] D Attenborough (2021) ‘Extinction: The Facts’ <https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m000mn4n> accessed 02 April 2021. 

[7] JC Gellers (2020) Earth System law and the legal status of non-humans in the Anthropocene,In Earth System Governance.

[8] ibid n6.

[9] P Singer Animal Liberation (Pimlico 1995).

[10] [1772] 98 ER 499.

[11] ibid n1.

[12] NHRP Inc., on behalf of Tommy v. Patrick C. Lavery, N.Y Supp. Ct., Appellate Division, Third Judicial Dept, 4 Dec. 2014 (Tommy v. Lavery).

[13] L Roland Danil ‘Legal Personhood for non-human animals? The case of the non-human rights project,’ <https://ukhumanrightsblog.com/2018/04/26/legal-personhood-for-non-human-animals-the-case-of-the-non-human-rights-project-dr-linda-roland-danil/> accessed 13 March 2021.

[14] T Zimmermann (2013) Why the Non-Human Rights Project could be huge, <https://timzimmermann.com/2013/04/01/why-the-nonhuman-rights-project-could-be-huge/> accessed 12 March 2021.

[15] K Schneider (2020) ‘Annual Report’ <https://www.nonhumanrights.org/blog/author/kevin-schneider/> accessed 05 April 2021.

[16] Kris Coronado (2020) ‘Jane Goodall has lived her dream: Saving wild chimps’ The Washington Post.

[17] R Barlow (2021) ‘Nonhuman Rights: Is it time to unlock the cage?’ <https://www.bu.edu/bostonia/static-assets/issues/summer17/nonhuman-rights-project.pdf> accessed 05 March 2021.

[18] ibid n12.

[19] A Peters (2016) ‘Liberté, Egalité, Animalité: Human–Animal Comparisons in Law’ (2016) 5(1) Transnational Environmental Law, 25–53.

[20] Happy v Brehony [2020] Case No 2020-02581.

[21] ‘Challenging the legal thinghood of autonomous nonhuman animals,’ <https://www.nonhumanrights.org/litigation/> accessed 14 March 2021.

[22] D Bourke (2009) ‘The Use and Misuse of Rights Talk’ The use and misuse of ‘rights talk’ by the animal rights movement. In P. Sankoff & S. White (Eds.), Animal law in Australasia: A new dialogue pp. 128–152.

[23] MC Nussbaum (2018) ‘Working with and For Animals – Getting the Theoretical Framework Right,’ Journal of Human Development and Capabilities, Volume 19 Issue 1.

[24] ibid n20.

[25] G Orwell Animal Farm (Everyman’s Library 1993).

[26] ibid n22.

[27] ‘Steve Wise of the Non-Human Rights Project’ (2021) <https://mydreamforanimals.com/interviews/steve-wise-of-the-nonhuman-rights-project/> accessed 30 March 2021.

[28] Steven Wise (2018) ‘The Struggle of the Nonhuman Rights Project for the Legal Personhood of Nonhuman Animals,’ <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3dtGejmsg7A> accessed 07 April 2021.

[29] Animal Charity Evaluators (2021) <https://animalcharityevaluators.org/charity-review/the-nonhuman-rights-project /> accessed 20 April 2021.

[30] Hercules & Leo, 49 Misc. 3D 746 (N.Y. Sup. Ct. 2015).

[31] ibid n9.

[32] ibid n15.

[33] K Andrews (2017) ‘The rise of smart machines puts spotlight on robot rights’ < https://www.technocracy.news/rise-smart-machines-puts-spotlight-robot-rights/> accessed 22 April 2021.

[34] R Kagan, Adversarial Legalism: The American Way of Live (Harvard University Press 2001) 9.

[35] ibid n5.

[36] Ibid.

[37] RA Posner (2000) Animal Rights, YaleLJ 110.

[38] ibid n29.

[39] J Goldsworthy Parliamentary Sovereignty Contemporary Debates, (CUP 2010).

[40] ibid n15.

[41] ibid n28.

[42] S Wise (2010) ‘Legal Personhood and the NHRP’ 17 Animal Law, 1-11.

[43] ibid.

[44] S Wise (2000) ‘Rattling the Cage: Towards Legal Rights for Animals,’ Perseus Books: Cambridge MA.

[45] L Choplin (2017) ‘Chimpanzee Recognized as Legal Person,’ <https://www.nonhumanrights.org/blog/cecilia-chimpanzee-legal-person/> accessed 10 April 2021.

[46] ibid n6.

[47] M McCann, H Silverstein (1998) “Rethinking Law’s “Allurements”: A Relational Analysis of Social Movement Lawyers in the United States.” In Cause Lawyering: Political Commitments and Professional Responsibilities, A Sarat, S Scheingold. OUP, 261–92.

[48] The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2018) <https://www.ipcc.ch/sr15/> accessed 14 April 2021.

[49] J Gorman (2013) ‘Considering the Humanity of Nonhumans,’ <https://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/10/science/considering-the-humanity-of-nonhumans.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0> accessed 20 March 2021.

[50] M Radford Animal welfare law in Britain: regulation and responsibility (OUP 2001).

[51] A Preston (2020) ‘Coronavirus lockdown behind a spike in demand for adoptions at Northern Ireland animal shelters’ <https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/health/coronavirus/coronavirus-lockdown-behind-a-spike-in-demand-for-adoptions-at-northern-ireland-animal-shelters-39073877.html> accessed 24 March 2021.

[52] ibid n36.

[53] ibid n14.

[54] D Sztybel ‘Can the Treatment of Animals Be Compared to the Holocaust, Ethics & the Environment (Indiana University Press 2006) 11(1):97-132.

[55] G Francione ‘Animals as Persons: Essays on the Abolition of Animal Exploitation (Columbia University Press 2008) 91.

[56] People of the State of New York, ex rel The Nonhuman Rights Project, on behalf of Tommy v Thomas C Lavery, [2014] 124 AD 3d 148 [Tommy].

[57] ibid n22.

[58] F Parkin (1988) Max Weber, London: Routledge.

[59] M O’Callaghan (2018) ‘The Long March: RTÉ’s unmissable civil rights doc airs tonight’ <https://www.rte.ie/lifestyle/living/2018/0814/984970-the-long-march-rtes-unmissable-civil-rights-doc-airs-tonight/> accessed 02 April 2021.

[60] M Ryan (2021) ‘Reopening society will need to be managed carefully’ <https://www.rte.ie/news/2021/0217/1197553-trocaire-mike-ryan/> accessed 19 March 2021.

[61] A Fischer-Lescano (2020) ‘Nature as a Legal Person: Proxy Constellations in Law,’ Law & Literature 32:2, 237-262. [1] MR Harris (2020) ‘A Right of Ethical Consideration for Non-Human Animals’ 27 Hastings Env. L. J. XX.

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