Beyond the Ballot Box: Development of Political participation 

Introduction 

In the UK, formal political engagement has declined in certain areas during the past 50 years, notably political party membership. However, new modes of engagement have also evolved, such as internet activism, which could become more significant in the future, particularly for younger generations. This blog piece explores recent shifts in political participation, focusing on the new forms of engagement that are emerging and the implications on the future of UK democratic systems. 

New political participation 

There is a long history of non-formal political expression via art, protests, and boycotts. These forms are often the foundation of new informal political practices, which are often facilitated or aided by social media. As a result of this, planning and taking part in protests has become easier and cheaper, and activists are no longer required to physically be present for them to act collectively. Rather than party politics or established ideological organisations, specific issues and particular identities are frequently the centre of informal participation. 

Below are two examples that will continue to gain more significance throughout the course of the next few years. 

Online activism 

The term “online activism” describes the growing trend of using the internet to plan, coordinate, take part in protests and have an impact on political decision-making. These protests are typically focused on specific concerns and lack a centralised organisation. It includes a broad range of activities that can be fully online or promote engagement in more conventional political events like protest marches. For instance, the UK advocacy group 38 Degrees, which has a platform of several million members, uses the internet to let members debate and cast votes on the problems that the group will focus on. In the UK, social change, political participation, and public discourse have all been significantly impacted by online activism. Firstly, it has made participation more democratic by enabling people to use online petitions, social media, and other channels to mobilise support and voice their concerns. This has increased people’s knowledge and involvement in a variety of fields, including human rights and environmental conservation (Ghobadi, Clegg, 2015). 

Furthermore, marginalised groups can confront social injustices and magnify their voices thanks to online activism. Campaigners have raised awareness of topics like gender equality, LGBTQ+ rights, and racial injustice through hashtags, viral initiatives, and online forums. This has encouraged discussion and pushed for legislative changes (Tan, 2023). 

Political consumerism 

Political consumerism is the practice of buyers choosing products according to their political or moral beliefs about how companies and governments should act. It combines the relatively new phenomenon of “buycotting,” which is the deliberate purchase of a product, with the longer-standing trend of “boycotting,” which is the refusal to shop at a particular store or buy a product solely based on the political views of the company (Gotlieb, Cheema,2017). 

In recent years, Consumers in the UK have started boycotting businesses they believe to be involved in unethical behaviour or to be supporting contentious causes. For instance, accusations of environmental damage or sweatshop labour have led to boycotts of specific apparel brands. Social media sites frequently have a significant impact on planning and promoting these kinds of boycotts (Nonomura, 2017). Another example of this is in the last few years is the rise of boycotting of businesses depending on their stance on conflicts like Ukraine and Russia for example. 

These few examples show just how political consumerism has become a significant force in shaping consumer behaviour and influencing corporate practices and public policies in the UK. 

Consequences of Informal Participation 

In the UK, there are a lot of useful and negative effects from informal political participation. Positively, non-formal involvement such as grassroots movements, community activism, and social media campaigns can encourage people to feel more involved in their community and give them more power to express their thoughts and effect change. In addition, it can support communities that are underrepresented in raising awareness of their issues and fighting for their rights, fostering a more democratic and inclusive society. 

However, there can be drawbacks to non-formal involvement as well. Informal engagement can occasionally result in polarisation and a spread of false information, especially in online settings where echo chambers can amplify extreme opinions and stifle polite conversation. Furthermore, because informal participation frequently lacks the structure and organisation required to successfully affect government decisions, it may not always produce visible policy change. Participants may get frustrated and disillusioned as a result, which could undermine their faith in the democratic process and discourage them from getting involved more. 

Ultimately, even though unofficial engagement can be a useful instrument for democratic expression, it is critical to acknowledge its limitations and strive toward encouraging younger generations to participate formally in politics. 

Bibliography. 

Ghobadi, S. Clegg, S. (2015). These Days will Never be Forgotten…”: A Critical Mass Approach to Online Activism. Information and Organisation. 25 (1): 52-71. 

Gotlieb, M. R. and Cheema, S. E. (2017) ‘From consumer to producer: motivations, internet use, and political consumerism’, Information, Communication & Society, 20(4), pp. 570–586. 

Nonomura, R. (2017) ‘Political consumerism and the participation gap: are boycotting and ‘buycotting’ youth-based activities?’, Journal of Youth Studies, 20(2), pp. 234–251.  

Tan, C. S. L. (2023) ‘The times they are a-changing: examining the effects of luxury brand activism on political consumerism and eWOM’, Journal of Strategic Marketing, pp. 1–20.  

38 Degrees, (2024).Home – 38 Degrees . Accessed on 22/04/24